Age

18–70

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Body Mass Index \> 40 kg/m2 or BMI \> 35 kg/m2 with comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes or sleep apnea
American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II
Undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery

Allergy to morphine or its derivatives
Allergy to α-2 adrenergic agonists
weight over 180 kg
history of uncontrolled hypertension
heart block greater than first degree
prolonged QT interval
clinically significant neurologic, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, or gastrointestinal diseases
received an opioid analgesic medication within a 24 h period prior to surgery
history of alcohol, drug abuse or chronic opioid intake
history of psychiatric disorder
pregnant or breastfeeding.

Dexmedetomidine for Postoperative Analgesia After Bariatric Surgery