Lead Sponsor

Unity Health Toronto

Collaborators

Age

18 - No limit years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Male or female patient,
•Age over 18 years,
•Patient already ventilated with assist controlled mode (volume or pressure) and patient triggering the ventilator,
•Arterial line indwelling or planning to insert this line,
•Written informed consent signed and dated by the patient/next of kin after full explanation of the study by the study team and prior to study participation,
•Patient consent will be requested as soon as the patient will be able to provide informed written consent

•Hemodynamic instability
•\> 20% variation of mean arterial pressure and/or heart rate (HR) in the last 2 hours,
•Need for high dose of vasopressor (higher than 0.2 mcg/kg/min of levophed),
•High PEEP (\> 12 cmH2O) and/or high fraction of inspired oxygen inspired oxygen fraction (\> 0.6)
•Severe acidosis (pH ≤ 7.20), or severe alkalosis (pH \> 7.55)
•Presence of a known esophageal problem, active upper gastrointestinal bleeding or any other contraindication to the insertion of a oro- or naso-gastric tube,
•Pregnant patient,
•Presence of intracranial hypertension,
•Known chronic neuromuscular disease significantly impairing the spontaneous breathing