Efficacy and Safety of Mitoxantrone in Patients With Refractory Neuromyelitis Optica and Spectrum Disorders

Inclusion Criteria

• •Recurrent longitudinal myelitis (\>3 segments of spinal cord involvement by MRI) with or without recurrent ON (unilateral or bilateral) but with normal brain MRI and positive serological NMO IgG antibody.
• •Recurrent longitudinal myelitis (\>3 segments of spinal cord involvement by MRI) with or without spatially limited brain lesion and positive serological NMO IgG antibody.
• •NMO, fulfilled Wingerchuk 2006 Criteria for NMO.
• •Patient presented at least 2 relapses during the 12 months preceding the start of mitoxantrone therapy, despite immunotherapies using corticosteroid, interferon beta, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, Cyclosporin A, Mycophenolate Mofetil or a combination of these drugs
• •Extended Disability Status Score 3-8.
• •Normal range for white-blood-cell count (more than 4×109/L), neutrophil count (more than 2×109/L), and platelet count (more than 100×109/L).