Lead Sponsor

Korean Medicine Hospital of Pusan National University

Collaborators

Age

19 - No limit years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•Aged over 19 years with acute pain defined as pain occurring within 72 hours of ED presentation
•Acute neck pain with no evidence of neurological abnormality
•Acute headache which meets the classification criteria of a primary headache as described by the International Headache Society (code 1 to 4)
•Acute ankle injury with no evidence of fracture or complete tear of ligaments

•Any suspected non-musculoskeletal cause (neoplasm or neurological complications) for neck or ankle pain
•Any suspected secondary headaches classified by codes 5 to 12 in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition
•Pain due to bone fracture or joint dislocation
•Pain with fever (defined by a temperature above 37.5 °C)
•Inappropriate at the ED physician's discretion
•Pain level of less than 4 points of pain intensity on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (range 0 to 10) at the completion of observations after the standard ED management
•Pregnant women