Effect of the Consumption of Ferric Hydroxide Adipate on Urinary Phosphorus Excretion.

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnancy and lactation
• •iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia
• •weight change of +/-2kg in the past month
• •dysphagia
• •surgery in the past three months
• •cancer in the last ten years
• •diabetes
• •known medical and genetic conditions interfering with calcium and phosphate metabolism: e.g. hyper/hypo-parathyroidism, Fanconi syndrome, hyper/hypothyroidism (except individuals who are taking stable doses of thyroid hormones)
• •chronic infection or chronic inflammation
• •cardiovascular disease
• •chronic respiratory disease
• •abnormal renal function (based on glomerular filtration rate)
• •known renal disease
• •abnormal liver function/known liver disease
• •hereditary haemochromatosis or haemoglobinopathies
• •gastrointestinal disease
• •bone disease
• •hypertension
• •current use of proton pump inhibitors
• •use of other medication that affects mineral homeostasis (on a case by case basis, in consultation with HNR clinician)
• •Extreme muscle hypertrophy (e.g. body building)