Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori to Antibiotics in Children

The aim of our prospective study is to investigate the rate of H pylori resistant strains to antibiotic treatment including Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, Tetracycline and Quinolones in pediatric population in Ha-Emek medical center, Afula. The second aim was to determine if in vitro resistance is being reflected in vivo too. Should the investigators find high rates of H pylori resistance to Clarithromycin, the investigators will have to reconsider the recommendation to use Clarithromycin as the first line treatment for H pylori. Our research group will conclude 100 children in the ages of 1-18 years, evaluated for recurrent abdominal pain, iron deficiency anemia, failure to thrive by an upper endoscopy, biopsy specimens taken for a rapid urease test, for histology, for culture and for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biopsy specimens for histology will be fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The microbiological workup will include an imprint of the biopsy on a slide followed by a gram stain for the purpose of demonstrating H. pylori in situ. Further the biopsies will be streaked out on chocolate agar, Sheep blood agar and H. pylori selective agar supplemented with Polymixin to suppress possible contaminants. 4 days of incubation in a micro aerophilic atmosphere will follow . Susceptibility testing of H pylori will be performed with E test on Mueller Hinton agar supplemented with defibrinated sheep blood using a MacFalrland 3.0 density of a bacterial suspension. Reading the susceptibility will take place following 72 hours of incubation in a micro aerophilic atmosphere.