The Effect of Jazz on Postoperative Pain and Stress in Patients Undergoing Elective Hysterectomy

* Patients will be identified the morning of surgery from the operating room schedule. * The patients will be randomized to two groups: jazz music or no music. * Head phones will be applied to all patients included in the study; in one group jazz music will be provided through the headphones. The second group no music will be played. * Blood pressure will be monitored by a non-invasive blood pressure cuff at 5 minute intervals throughout the patient's stay in the PACU. * Heart rate will be measured, using a pulse oximeter, at the same intervals as blood pressure. * Before the patient leaves the PACU, she will be asked to rate her perception of her levels of pain and anxiety on scales that use a numeric scale of 1-10. The primary variable outcomes are: heart rate and mean blood pressure. Secondary outcomes include: perceived pain, anxiety, and level of relaxation. * headphones will be used to deliver one of the following sounds to the patients: 1) jazz music (BPM\<100) by artists including Miles Davis, Ella Fitzgerald, Diana Krall, Dave Brubeck, etc.; or 2) no music providing.