Optimizing Dosing Regimen of Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Nosocomial Pneumonia

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. The patients who received systematic antibacterial treatment more than 48 hours before enrollment and have clinical response.
• •2. Severe pyemia with hypotension or/and evidences of failure of organic function (shock: systolic pressure \< 90mmHg or diastolic pressure \< 60mmHg, requiring more than 4 hours of administration of vasopressor(s)；renal impairment: urine volume \< 20 ml∕h or \< 80 ml∕4h after excluded any other potentials, acute renal failure need dialysis, CLcr\<40 mL/min).
• •3. Documented infection caused by pathogens beyond the antibacterial spectrum of piperacillin/tazobactam.
• •4. Previously diagnosed condition which tend to mimic or complicate the course and evaluation of the infectious process, e.g. bronchial obstruction, obstructive pneumonia, activate pulmonary malignancy, pulmonary abscess, empyema and active tuberculosis, which might interfere the course of the infectious disease and evaluation of the disease.
• •5. History of allergy to penicillins.
• •6. Pregnancy or breast-feeding women.
• •7. Any conditions investigator considered might increase the risk of patients or interfere study results.