Use of Beta-blockers and Risk of New Onset Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria

• •Enrollment in a plan captured in the IMS LifeLink Health Plan Claims Database between July 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007
• •aged ≥18 years
• •at least one pharmacy claim for a beta-blocker of interest (carvedilol immediate-release \[IR\]/controlled-release \[CR\], atenolol, metoprolol succinate, or metoprolol tartrate)
• •Index date was the first chronologically occurring prescription for any beta-blocker during the enrollment period
• •Continuously eligible to receive healthcare services 6 months prior to and 3 months after the index date
• •at least 1 diagnosis of hypertension (International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM): 401.xx-405.xx) during this time frame.