We have been following a schedule of weekly low dose docetaxel (30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks; 60 mg/m2 accumulated dose for each cycle) at our hospital in an effort to achieve better tolerability. We therefore performed an exploratory study, by statistical analyses, to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of such a low dose docetaxel schedule compared to that of pemetrexed in patients with NSCLC who have failed previous chemotherapy.