1. Open cholecystectomy - excluded due to increased levels of pain in open procedures

2. Scheduled for ambulatory surgery

3. Renal dysfunction (Serum Cr \> 1.2) - excluded due to potential altered metabolism of anesthetic and pain medications

4. Allergy to any of the study medications or anesthetic agents

5. Chronic opioid analgesic use at home - excluded due to potential difficulty in assessing pain caused by the procedure alone

6. Patient inability to properly describe postoperative pain to investigators (language barrier, dementia, delirium, psychiatric disorder)

7. Patient or surgeon refusal

Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy