Preoperative Docetaxel for Localized Progressive Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)

The Study Drugs: Docetaxel is designed to stop the growth of cancer cells, which may cause the cells to die. It is believed to be weakly effective at killing blood vessels in cancer cells as well. Prednisone and docetaxel are commonly used to treat prostate cancer. Study Drug Administration: If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, on Day 1 of every 21-day study "cycle", you will receive docetaxel through a needle in your vein over 1 hour. Everyday, you will take prednisone by mouth 2 times a day (in the morning and evening). You should take prednisone with meals. You will take dexamethasone by mouth at 12 hours and 6 hours before you receive docetaxel. This is to help reduce the risk of any allergic reaction and fluid retention. It is important that you take this drug on schedule. Study Visits: On Day 1 of each cycle, the following tests and procedures will be performed: * You will have a physical exam, including measurement of your weight. * Your performance status will be recorded. * You will be asked about any drugs or treatments you may be receiving. * You will be asked about any side effects you have experienced since your last visit. Blood (about 2 teaspoons) will be drawn for routine tests and to test for PSA and testosterone levels. On Day 1 of Cycle 3, blood (about 2 teaspoons) will be drawn to test for PDGFR and PDGF levels. Surgery: If you complete 2 cycles or more, you will be eligible to have surgery as part of this study. If you are eligible, no more than 21 days after your last dose of docetaxel, you will have surgery to remove your prostate gland. You will sign a separate consent for this surgery, which will describe the procedure and its risks in detail. Before surgery, probably at your pre-surgical visit, blood (about 2 teaspoons) will be drawn to test for PDGFR and PDGF levels. Length of Study: You will take the study drug for up to 4 cycles before having surgery. You will be off study treatment after you have surgery. You will be taken off study early if you experience intolerable side effects or the disease gets worse. This is an investigational study. Docetaxel given with prednisone is commercially available and FDA approved for the treatment of prostate cancer. Up to 28 participants will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at M. D. Anderson.