Healthy volunteers
Not accepted
Inclusion Criteria Renal dysfunction defined as estimated eGFR of 20-80 mL/min; history of systolic or diastolic chronic heart failure of at least 14 days duration for which loop diuretic therapy has been prescribed; clinical evidence for volume overload; BNP ≥ 500 pg/mL or NT-pro-BNP \> 2000 pg/mL; hospitalization.
Exclusion Criteria Have low output syndrome, defined as having the need for treatment with I.V. inotropes or vasopressors; Need mechanical ventilation; Have significant stenotic valvular disease (severe aortic or mitral stenosis); Have myocardial infarction or hemodynamically destabilizing significant arrythmias (ventricular tachycardia, bradyarrythmias with slow ventricular rate \[\<45 bpm\] or atrial fibrillation/flutter with a rapid ventricular response of \>120 bpm), or electrocardiographic evidence of 2nd degree heart block (Mobitz Type II) or 3rd degree AV-block in the absence of a pacemaker, within 30 days of screening; Have acute myocarditis or hypertrophic obstructive, restrictive, or constrictive cardiomyopathy