Simultaneous Islet-Kidney Transplantation in Patients of Type 1 Diabetes With End-stage Renal Disease

Inclusion Criteria

• •Male and female patients age 18 to 60 years of age.
• •Ability to provide written informed consent.
• •Clinical history compatible with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) as defined by the WHO guidelines(1999) on the Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus.
• •manifest signs and symptoms that are severe enough to be incapacitating.
• •Basal C-peptide\<0.5ng/mL
• •patients with poor diabetes control (HbA1c \>7% but \<12%)
• •progressive diabetic complications.
• •end-stage renal disease(serum creatinine\>450μmol/l)