Peripheral Venous Oxygen Saturation and Biomarkers to Estimate Cardiac Output and Filling Pressures in Heart Failure

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Known or suspected septic shock or bacteremia
• •2. Active bleeding or HCT\<24% at baseline
• •3. Arterial oxygen saturation \<90% at baseline despite supplemental oxygen therapy.
• •4. Previous difficulty with venipuncture of upper extremity veins or the presence of a surgical arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis
• •5. Insertion of the PA catheter through the femoral vein
• •6. Subjects unwilling or unable to provide written consent