Valsartan in Cardiovascular Disease With Renal Dysfunction (The V-CARD) Study

It is well known that patients with renal dysfunction have a poor prognosis concerning cardiovascular diseases. That is called "cardiorenal syndrome". It was reported that valsartan was effective in reducing the urine albumin extraction rate in patients with hyper- or normotension. We hypothesized that valsartan was more effective to prevent cardiovascular events by the intermediary of improving renal function. The primary endpoints are: * cardiovascular events (cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, congestive heart failure requiring rehospitalization, revascularization procedures including coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting;Stroke or transient ischaemic attack, dissociation aneurysm of the aorta needing hospitalisation;Lower limbs artery obstruction needing hospitalisation . * end-stage renal dysfunction (introduction of hemodialysis or kidney transplantation) * 50% reduction of creatinine clearance The secondary endpoints are: * systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle estimated by echocardiography (% FS and E/A ratio) * specific biochemical markers for cardiac or renal function (urine microalbumin, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, plasma type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, plasma cystatin C) * % changes of creatinine clearance between start and end of the study period * transition of 1/(serum Cr) in patients whose u-prot/u-Cr is equal to or more than 1.0 * transition of serum K * HbA1c * New onset Atrial Fibrillation * New onset Diabetes